On 9 December 1999 Germany implemented the Washington Principles of 1998 with the “Declaration of the German Federal Government, German states and leading municipal associations to locate and return cultural assets confiscated through Nazi persecution, especially those of Jewish ownership”. In this document, commonly referred to as the Joint Declaration, German federal, state and municipal authorities expressed their resolve to “locate and return cultural assets confiscated through Nazi persecution, especially those of Jewish ownership”. In the spirit of the Washington Principles, the parties pledged by way of the responsible committees of relevant public funding organisations to work toward “identifying cultural assets which were confiscated through Nazi persecution, ascribing them to their respective victims, and returning them to the legitimate former owners or heirs upon individual assessment”.